The Tennis Serve Essays - Anatomical Terms Of Motion, Elbow, Serve

The Tennis Serve Essays - Anatomical Terms Of Motion, Elbow, Serve The Tennis Serve The tennis serve is the stroke that places the ball in play and is regularly alluded to as the most significant stroke in the sport of tennis. It has become a rule weapon of assault and is utilized to put the adversary on edge by driving an arrival from the feeble side or by moving the beneficiary out of position. A decent solid serve can now and again be the premise of dominating a match of tennis. I have included eight picture successions to represent the tennis serve. Spoken to in picture An is the position of the serve. In this piece of the serve, the individual needs to take a position sideways to the net, around three or four feet to the correct focus mark behind the standard. The left foot is a few creeps behind the line, the toes highlighting the net post. The back foot is corresponding to the pattern and spread similarly from the front. Pictures B and C speak to the planning stage. In these photos, the execution of the ball hurl is performed. The ball hurl is the way in to a top notch serve: a decent discharge reliably puts the ball in the correct hitting position. A poor discharge can lose timing and at last reason an awful serve. In pictures D-F the activity stage is spoken to. In picture D of the activity stage, the elbow arrives at a position somewhat higher than the shoulder, at that point the elbow twists and the racket head drops down behind the go into what is known as the back scratching position. In picture E, the ball ought to be at its greatest stature of the hurl before striking it. In picture F, the remainder of the activity stage, the development of striking the ball is dangerous in an upward and forward movement until contact Pictures G and H speak to the finish. In the finish the activity is performed up and out, not down, toward the proposed target region. The finish is a characteristic continuation of the stroke. A decent finish will help get ready for the subsequent stage in moving toward the net for an arrival. Kinematics is characterized as the investigation of movement. It is accumulated of various real planes and distinctive joint movements. In the start of the serve, during the position (picture A), the feet are apparently turned. The hips and the storage compartment are expanded. The left shoulder is somewhat flexed alongside the correct shoulder and the shoulder supports are marginally kidnapped. Both of the wrists are pronated with the elbows somewhat flexed. During the readiness (pictures B and C) the feet are still in an ostensibly turned position. The hips somewhat kidnap with the storage compartment still in full expansion. The shoulders are stole, with slight rise of the shoulder support. The two elbows are broadened, yet the correct wrist remains in a pronated position and the left wrist is supinated. During the activity (pictures D-F) the correct foot internally pivots alongside it performing grower flexion yet the left foot remains in an ostensibly turned position. The hips are adducted however then they move to snatching. The storage compartment begins in hyperextension at that point get completely stretched out and somewhat pivot to one side. The two knees flex yet the left knee broadens while the correct knee stays flexed. The left shoulder goes from flexion to augmentation while the correct shoulder performs high inclining adduction. The left elbow goes from augmentation to flexion and the correct elbow goes from flexion to expansion. The left hand goes from supination to pronation while the correct hand remains in a pronated position. At last, during the finish (pictures G and H) the left foot deep down pivots alongside some grower flexion. The correct foot deep down pivots and returns to a normally level position. The two hips are flexed alongside the flexion of the storage compartment and it's revolution. The left shoulder stays in an all-inclusive position however the correct shoulder finishes the high corner to corner adduction, while both shoulder supports perform snatching. The correct elbow somewhat flexes yet the left elbow broadens. The knees go from flexion positively of flexion. The kinematics of the tennis serve is a confounded thing, it comprise of

Cellular Functions Essay -- Biology Biological Essays

Cell Pathways A few standards oversee metabolic pathways in the cell:           A. Complex synthetic changes in the cell don't happen in a solitary response, however in various little advances that are associated in a pathway.           B. Every response is catalyzed by a particular protein.           C. Metabolic pathways is catalyzed by a particular chemical.           D. Numerous metabolic pathways are compartmentalized, with specific advances happening inside an organelle.           E. Metabolic pathways in creatures are directed by the exercises of a couple of chemical.  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â                Obtaining Energy and Electrons from Glucose           The most normal fuel for living cells is the sugar Glucose.                Cells trap vitality while using glucose                If glucose is scorched in a fire, it promptly shapes carbon dioxide, water, and a great deal of vitality - however just if oxygen gas(O2) is available. The equalization condition for this ignition response is:  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â                     C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 - 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY (HEAT AND LIGHT)                This same condition applies to the digestion of glucose in cells, then again, actually digestion is a multi-step, controlled arrangement of responses, winding up with practically 50% of the vitality caught in ATP.                Three metabolic procedures assume jobs in the usage of glucose for vitality: GLYCOSIS, CELLULAR RESPIRATION, AND FERMENTATION.                A. Glycosis is a progression of responses that starts the digestion of glucose in all cells and produces the three-carbon item pyruvate. A modest quantity of the vitality put away in the glucose is discharged in usable structure.                B. Cell Respiration happens when nature is high-impact (contains oxygen gas , O2), and basically changes over pyruvate to carbon (CO2). All the while, a lot of the vitality put away in the covalent obligations of pyruvate is discharged and caught in ATP.                C. Aging happens when the earth is anaerobic (ailing in O2). Rather than vitality poor CO2, generally vitality rich atoms, for example, lactic corrosive or ethanol are created, so the vitality extricated from glucose is far than under oxygen consuming conditions.      Redox responses move electrons and vitality           a.Reaction in which one substance moves at least one electron... ... in glycolysis. This atom at that point goes through the remainder of glycolysis and the citrus extract cycle,where its vitality is removed in NADH and ATP.      B. Lipids are changed over to their substituents, glycerol and unsaturated fats. Glycerol is changed over to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, an intermediatein glycolysis, and unsaturated fats to acetic acid derivation and afterward acetyl CoA in the mitochondria. In the two cases, further oxidation to CO2 and arrival of vitality of vitality at that point happen.      C. Proteins are hydrolyzed to their amino corrosive structure squares. The 20 amino acids takes care of into glycosis or the citrus extract cycle at various focuses.      Catabolism and Anabolism are Integrated      Glucose is a great wellspring of vitality. Polysaccharides and fats have no such reactant jobs. The degree of acetylCoA ascends as an unsaturated fats are separated.      Allostery manages digestion      Glycolysis, the citrus extract cycle, and the respiratory chain are controlled by allosteric control of the catalysts in question. The primary control point in glycolysis is the chemical PHOFRUCTOKINASE. The primary control in the citrus extract cycle is the catalyst ISOCITRATE DEHYROGENASE, which changes over isocitrate to ketoglutarate..

Women Are at Greater Risk From Ecstasy Use

Women Are at Greater Risk From Ecstasy Use Addiction Drug Use Ecstasy/MDMA Print Women Are at Greater Risk From Ecstasy Use By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 08, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 22, 2019 Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Ecstasy/MDMA Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Researchers at the Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands found that long-term use of the recreational drug ecstasy, especially among women, can have serious negative effects on specific cells in the brain. The Dutch study indicates that ecstasy (MDMA) can cause the irreversible loss of serotonin neurons which can result in neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, panic disorder, and disorders of impulse control. Liesbeth Reneman and colleagues investigated the effects of moderate and heavy ecstasy use, gender differences, and long-term effects of ecstasy use on serotonin neurons in different brain regions. They recruited 15 moderate ecstasy users, 23 heavy users, 16 ex-users who had stopped using ecstasy for more than a year, and 15 controls who claimed never to have used the drug. How Women Are Affected The effects of ecstasy were assessed by calculating the ratio of serotonin receptor density in different parts of the brain compared with the cerebellum by using a single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT). Among heavy ecstasy users, substantial decreases in overall binding ratios were seen in women but not men. In female ex-ecstasy users, overall densities of serotonin transporters were significantly higher than in heavy ecstasy users. Sample May Be Too Small But the study may not have been large enough to establish a difference in how the drug affects women differently from men, according to a commentary published in  The Lancet. George Ricaurte and Una McCann from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine wrote: Although the study is timely and potentially important, the small sample size and methodological questions limit confidence in conclusions about differences between sexes or possibility of reversibility of the effects of MDMA [ecstasy] in human beings. Studies in larger cohorts of both sexes, free of psychiatric illnesses in which serotonin is implicated, are needed. The effects of moderate ecstasy use on serotonin neurons have not been studied, and gender differences and the long-term effects of ecstasy use on serotonin neurons have not been identified.

Interpersonal Communication Behavior Fice Essay

The TV series, which I have chosen, and believe to be one of the best examples of interpersonal communication behavior, is the American television comedy series called The Office. This outrageously hilarious comedy TV series portrays the everyday lives of office employees located in Scranton, Pennsylvania, a branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin paper company and is filmed in a documentary type style by a team of film crew members. The plot of this TV series revolves around documenting the lives, interactions, and interpersonal relationships of the manager, Michael Scott, and the employees that he manages, which include Jim Halpert, who is a sales representative and prankster, Pam Beesly, who is a receptionist, and Dwight Schrute, who is a high-ranking salesman devoid of social skills, as well as Stanley Hudson, Kevin Malone, and many other minor characters who play the roles of office workers, working in a variety of positions throughout the office. To start off, the first concept that can be evidently seen in one of the episodes of this TV series is the concept of emotional messages, specifically, the emotional expression of sadness, which is exemplified by the character Jim Halpert as his boss, Michael Scott, is about to leave the company in the episode titled â€Å"Goodbye, Michael.† In this episode, the verbal expression of emotion known as sadness is shown by Jim Halpert as well as Michael Scott as Jim explains what a wonderful boss Michael Scott truly was to him. InShow MoreRelated65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesapproach to focus on facilitating collaboration rather than dictating a course of action. Because our consultants present information in a systematic and analytical fash... ion when communicating with our clients, I took this familiar approach in my communications with my team. Instead of presenting 4 Defining Moment my strategy and looking for feedback, I coached the team through the process, and we developed strategies together. As a result, the consulting team took ownership of the project and got

The Story Of Camelot Castle - 1164 Words

Little did Mithian know that joining a flurry of Councillors rushing towards the Great Court would be a terrible idea. But, with the fresh air having brought a healthy glow to her cheeks, and her hair slightly ruffled from a spirited walk around archways, fields and Courtyard, everything seemed interesting. She had soon learned that Camelot Castle was the kind of place where you could find everything by following the crowd. Over a week into her stay, and the chatter still lifted her heart. What was going on? Another Knighting ceremony, or other celebration? Rather than heading towards the Court used when she arrived in Camelot, tearfully luring Arthur to his death, the crowd swerved to the right and down several more corridors until they reached two great oak doors. The guards opened them and Mithian gasped in delight. Rather than the lower arched ceiling she remembered, this ceiling stretched forever into the sky, its windows sparkled with sunlight, making each pane look like a sheet of diamonds and at the far end, she saw two Thrones adorned with intricate decorations. The King and Queen were already seated, discussing something in low voices. Pausing, Mithian studied them with a strange feeling in her stomach of either envy nor admiration. And then shaking her head, she went to find a good place to stand as the seats had already been taken by Knights and Councillors. An aisle separated the two crowds and and several men, including a Lord she vaguely recognized fromShow MoreRelatedDid King Arthur Truly Exist? Essay790 Words   |  4 Pagesknights; mighty castles and mightier deeds; a time of chivalry and courtly love; of Lancelot and Guinevere; of triumph and death. 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Throughout the tale, Sir Gawain, a Knight at the Round Table in Camelot, is presented with many hardships, the first being a challenge on Christmas by a man in which, â€Å"Everything about him was an elegant green† (161). This â€Å"Green Knight† challenged someone in Camelot to accept his game which they will chop off his head with his axe and the Green Knight will do the same to the player a year and a day later. Sir GawainRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Kingdom Of Camelot 1085 Words   |  5 PagesWord Story It was 500 AD in the kingdom of Camelot. These were not easy times as war raged on day after day without any sign of ending. The once beautiful courtyards had now become home for hundreds of sick beds holding beaten and bloody soldiers as death swept over the battlefield, consuming anything in its path. It had been three weeks and already the townspeople were growing weary from the siege. King Mark of Cornwall had surrounded the whole land and kept any supplies from entering the castleRead MoreArchetypal Characters In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight : Character Analysis1143 Words   |  5 PagesEven in the middle ages of literature, a story such as Sir Gawain and the Green Knight had many aspects of Joseph Campbell’s view of the hero’s journey. In the story of our character Sir Gawain accepts a â€Å"Call to adventure† (Campbell 45) and goes on a quest that will go through many of the archetypes. Likewise, there lies one character, The Green Knight, that can be many of the archetypal characters in the cycle of the hero’s journey. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight dramatically demonstrates howRead More King Arthur Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesKings of Britain. He described Arthurs genealogy as the son of Uther Pendragon and Igerna, or Igraine, wife of the Duke of Cornwall, and brought in Merlin the magician, who disguised Arthur as the Duke in order to romance Igerna at Tintagel Castle while the real Duke was away. Geoffery also introduced Arthurs famed court (placed at Caerleon-on-Usk) and his final battle and defeat at the hands of Modred, his treacherous nephew. Artos Of The Celts It is almost certain that ArthurRead MoreWilliam Arthur s Court And Monty Python And The Holy Grail989 Words   |  4 Pagesmultiple knights. In the cases of A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court and â€Å"Monty Python and the Holy Grail† violence is taken to the extreme to show how knights are allowed to get away with killing innocent people as long as they are from Camelot. This idea is expressed multiple times throughout the book and movie and used in a rather humorous way. 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Englisg Language Yesterday, Today and Tomarrow Free Essays

GO ANYWHERE. This expression reminds us how importance of English for human life is. As global or universal language, English is not only enables us to communicate†¦ Premium If You Given An Opportunity To Run a 3 Days Training On Excellent Public Speaking. We will write a custom essay sample on Englisg Language Yesterday, Today and Tomarrow or any similar topic only for you Order Now How Would You Implement†¦ World and one of the most important language in the World is English. Currently, English language is at number three on the most speaking language in the World. Even†¦ Premium Important Of English Language learning to communicate in English is important to enter and ultimately succeed in mainstream America. Working knowledge of the English language can create many†¦ Premium Importance Of English Language 512 words (approx. 2 pages at 300 words per page). [pic] More Information View The English Language Study Pack 96 Alternative Definitions Search Results†¦ Premium Importance Of English Language ? Many of us wonder about the importance of knowing English in today’s world. But such problems are faced by people who cannot speak the language fluently. The need†¦ Premium Importance Of English Language greatest possible flexibility, and better-off members must make extra efforts to lower import barriers on least developed countries exports. Developing countries†¦ Premium Importance Of English Language To The Students American football, known in the United States simply as football and sometimes as gridiron outside the United States and Canada,[1][2] is a sport played between two†¦ Premium Importance Of English Language SPELLING RULES 1. For a single syllable word, ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel double the consonant: swim; swimmer; swimming rob†¦ Premium Cultural Effects On English Language Collocation As Foreign Language and lexical collocation. For people who regard the English language as a foreign language or second language, its so difficult to express it as perfect. This mini†¦ Premium Importance Of English least will be understandable. There are various reasons for the importance of English language. They are listed below. 1. Travel: When a person travels to another†¦ Premium Oral Communication In English Language as their medium of study and not their local language. This will again shows the importance of English language. English language will certainly improve Malaysians†¦ Premium Importance Of English Education orld of globalization. English language is a common language and is spoken in many countries. No one denies the importance of English language in the present time†¦ Premium Investigating The English Language Needs Previous research in the field of engineering showed that English language is of paramount importance in the academic and professional lives of engineering students†¦ Prem ium Importance Of English of media, trade and science. In Pakistan, the importance of English language is growing and now English language is compulsory in mostly all schools and colleges†¦ Premium Importance Of English and luxurious because without the presence of English dialect things is impossible to happen. So we should consider the importance of English language in daily life†¦ Premium Importance Of English leaders of various countries is mostly in English. This linking factor also tells of the importance of English language. 5. Internet: In spite of the growth of†¦ Premium Importance Of English In India IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN THE NATIONAL LIFE OF INDIA TODAY From 26 January 1965 Hindi has been declared the official language of India. But along with it†¦ Premium How to cite Englisg Language Yesterday, Today and Tomarrow, Essay examples

Heart Disease (4511 words) Essay Example For Students

Heart Disease (4511 words) Essay Heart DiseaseChapter 1 INTRODUCTIONIn todays society, people are gaining medical knowledge at quite a fast pace. Treatments, cures, and vaccines for various diseases and disorders are being developed constantly, and yet, coronary heart disease remains the number one killer in the world. The media today concentrates intensely on drug and alcohol abuse, homicides, AIDS and so on. What a lot of people are not realizing is that coronary heart disease actually accounts for about 80% of all sudden deaths. In fact, the number of deaths from heart disease approximately equals to the number of deaths from cancer, accidents, chronic lung disease, pneumonia and influenza, and others, COMBINED. One of the symptoms of coronary heart disease is Angina pectoris or clogged arteries as it usually called unfortunately, a lot of people do not take it seriously, and thus not realizing that it may lead to other complications, and even death. THE HUMAN HEARTIn order to understand angina, one must know about our own heart. The human heart is a powerful muscle in the body which is worked the hardest. A double pump system, the heart consists of two pumps side by side, which pump blood to all parts of the body. Its steady beating maintains the flow of blood through the body day and night, year after year, non-stop from birth until death. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ slightly bigger than a persons clenched fist. It is located in the center of the chest, under the breastbone above the sternum, but it is slanted slightly to the left, giving people the impression that their heart is on the left side of their chest. The heart is divided into two halves, which are further divided into four chambers: the left atrium and ventricle, and the right atrium and ventricle. Each chamber on one side is separated from the other by a valve, and it is the closure of these valves that produce the lubb-dubb sound so familiar to us. Like any other organs in our body, the heart needs a supply of blood and oxygen, and coronary arteries supply them. There are two main coronary arteries, the left coronary artery, and the right coronary artery. They branch off the main artery of the body, the aorta. The right coronary artery circles the right side and goes to the back of the heart. The left coronary artery further divides into the left circumflex and the left anterior descending artery. These two left arteries feed the front and the left side of the heart. The division of the left coronary artery is the reason why doctors usually refer to three main coronary arteries. SYMPTOMS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASEThere are three main symptoms of coronary heart disease: Heart Attack, Sudden Death, and Angina. Heart AttackHeart attack occurs when a blood clot suddenly and completely blocks a diseased coronary artery, resulting in the death of the heart muscle cells supplied by that artery. Coronary and Coronary Thrombosis are terms that can refer to a heart attack. Another term, Acute myocardial infarction, means death of heart muscle due to an inadequate blood supply. Sudden DeathSudden death occurs due to cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest may be the first symptom of coronary artery disease and may occur without any symptoms or warning signs. Other causes of sudden deaths include drowning, suffocation, electrocution, drug overdose, trauma (such as automobile accidents), and stroke. Drowning, suffocation, and drug overdose usually cause respiratory arrest which in turn cause cardiac arrest. Trauma may cause sudden death by severe injury to the heart or brain, or by severe blood loss. Stroke causes damage to the brain which can cause respiratory arrest and/or cardiac arrest. AnginaPeople with coronary artery disease, whether or not they have had a heart attack, may experience intermittent chest pain, pressure, or discomforts. This situation is known as angina pectoris. It occurs when the narrowing of the coronary arteries temporarily prevents an adequate supply of blood and oxygen to meet the demands of working heart muscles. Chapter 2ANGINA PECTORISAngina Pectoris (from angina meaning strangling, and pectoris meaning breast) is commonly known simply as angina and means pain in the chest. The term angina was first used during a lecture in 1768 by Dr. William Heberden. The word was not intended to indicate pain, but rather strangling, with a secondary sensation of fear. Victims suffering from angina may experience pressure, discomfort, or a squeezing sensation in the center of the chest behind the breastbone. The pain may radiate to the arms, the neck, even the upper back, and the pain may come and go. It occurs when the heart is not receiving enough oxygen to meet an increased demand. Angina, as mentioned before, is only temporarily, and it does not cause any permanent damage to the heart muscle. The underlying coronary heart disease, however, continues to progress unless actions are taken to prevent it from becoming worse. Signs and SymptomsAngina does not necessarily involve pain. The feeling varies from individuals. In fact, some people described it as chest pressure, chest distress, heaviness, burning feeling, constriction, tightness, and many more. A person with angina may feel discomforts that fit one or several of the following descriptions:Mild, vague discomfort in the center of the chest, which may radiate to the left shoulder or arm Dull ache, pins and needles, heaviness or pains in the arms, usually more severe in the left arm Pain that feels like severe indigestion Heaviness, tightness, fullness, dull ache, intense pressure, a burning, vice-like, constriction, squeezing sensation in the chest, throat or upper abdomen Extreme tiredness, exhaustion of a feeling of collapse Shortness of breath, choking sensation A sense of foreboding or impending death accompanying chest discomfort Pains in the jaw, gums, teeth, throat or ear lobePains in the back or between the shoulder bladesAngina can be so severe that a person may feel frightened, or so mild that it might be ignored. Angina attacks are usually short, from one or two minutes to a maximum of about four to five. It usually goes away with rest, within a couple of minutes, o r ten minutes at the most. (LIVING WITH ANGINA)Different Forms of AnginaThere are several known forms of angina. Brief pain that comes on exertion and leave fairly quickly on rest is known as stable angina. When angina pain occurs during rest, it is called unstable angina. The symptoms are usually severe and the coronary arteries are badly narrowed. If a person suffers from unstable angina, there is a higher risk for that person to develop heart attacks. The pain may come up to 20 times a day, and it can wake a person up, especially after a disturbing dream. Another type of angina is called atypical or variant angina. In this type of angina, pain occurs only when a person is resting or asleep rather than from exertion. It is thought to be the result of coronary artery spasm, a sort of cramp that narrows the arteries. Causes of AnginaThe main cause of angina is the narrowing of the coronary arteries. In a normal person, the inner walls of the coronary arteries are smooth and elastic, allowing them to constrict and expand. This flexibility permits varying amounts of oxygenated blood, appropriate to the demand at the time, to flow through the coronary arteries. As a person grows older, fatty deposits will accumulate on the artery walls, especially if the linings of the arteries are damaged due to cigarette smoking or high blood pressure. When people are very tense, they usually over-breathe or hold their breath altogether. Shallow, irregular but rapid breathing washes out carbon dioxide from the system and the blood will become over-oxygenated. One might think that the more oxygen in the blood the better, but overloaded blood actually does not give up oxygen as easily, therefore the amount of oxygen available to the heart is reduced. Carbon dioxide is present in the blood in the form of carbonic aci d, when there is a loss in carbonic acid, the blood becomes more basic, or alkaline, which leads to spasm of blood vessels, almost certainly in the brain but also in the heart another factor maybe atherosclerosis. ATHEROSCLEROSISThe coronary arteries may be clogged with atherosclerotic plaques, thus narrowing the diameter. Plaques are usually collections of connection tissue, fats, and smooth muscle cells. The plaque project into the lumen, the passageway of the artery, and interfere with the flow of blood. In a normal artery, the smooth muscle cells are in the middle layer of the arterial wall; in ATHEROSCLEROSIS they migrate into the inner layer. The reason behind their migration could hold the answers to explain the existence of ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Two theories have been developed for the cause of ATHEROSCLEROSIS. The first theory was suggested by German pathologist Rudolf Virchow over 100 years ago. He proposed that the passage of fatty material into the arterial wall is the initial cause of ATHEROSCLEROSIS. The fatty material, especially cholesterol, acts as an irritant, and the arterial wall respond with an outpouring of cells, creating atherosclerotic plaque. The second theory was developed by Austrian pathologist Karl Von Rokitansky in 1852. He suggested that atherosclerotic plaques are aftereffects of blood-clot organization (thrombosis). The clot adheres to the intima and is gradually converted to a mass of tissue, which evolves into a plaque. There are evidences to support the latter theory. It has been found that platelets and fibrin (a protein, the final product in thrombosis) are often found in atherosclerotic plaques, also found are cholesterol crystals and cells which are rich in lipid. The evidence suggests that thrombosis may play a role in ATHEROSCLEROSIS, and in the developmen t of the more complicated atherosclerotic plaque. Though thrombosis may be important in initiating the plaque, an elevated blood lipid level may accelerate arterial narrowing. (FIGHTING HEART DISEASE)Chapter 3C.I.P portion of my paper cannot be in-depthly discussed until I finish my community service At Canterbury Inn medical assisted center. This why at this time cannot give a accurate evaluation of my work until it finished. The Resting Place EssayOnce the section of vein has been removed, it is attached to the heart. One end of the vein is sewn to the aorta, while the other end is sewn into the affected coronary artery just beyond the diseased segment. The grafted vein now becomes the new artery through which the blood can flow freely beyond the obstruction. The original artery is thus bypassed. The whole operation requires about four to five hours, and may be longer if there is more than one bypass involved. After the operation, the patient is sent to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for recovery. The angina pain is usually relieved or controlled, partially or completely, by the operation. However, the operation does not cure the underlying disease, so the effects may begin to diminish after a while, which may be anywhere from a few months to several years. The only way patients can avoid this from happening is to change their lifestyles. AngioplastyThis operation is a relatively new procedure, and it is known in full as transluminal balloon coronary Angioplasty. It entails squashing the atherosclerotic plaque with balloons. A very thin balloon catheter is inserted into the artery in the arm or the leg of a patient under general anaesthetic. The balloon catheter is guided under x-ray just beyond the narrowed coronary artery. Once there, the balloon is inflated with fluid and the fatty deposits are squashed against the artery walls. The balloon is then deflated and drawn out of the body. This technique is a much simpler and more economical alternative to the bypass surgery. The procedure itself requires less time and the patient only remains in the hospital for a few days afterward. Exactly how long the operation takes depends on where and in how many places the artery is narrowed. It is most suitable when the disease is limited to the left anterior descending artery, but sometimes the plaques are simply too hard, maki ng them impossible to be squashed, in which case a bypass might be necessary. (HEART DISEASE)SELF-HELPThe only way patients can prevent the condition of their heart from deteriorating any further is to change their lifestyles. Although drugs and surgery exist, if the heart is exposed to pressure continuously and it strains any further, there will come one day when nothing works, and all that remain is a one-way ticket to heaven. The following are some advices on how people can change the way they live, and enjoy a lifetime with a healthy heart once more. WorkA person should limit the amount of exertions to the point where angina might occur. This varies from person to person, some people can do just as much work as they did before developing angina, but only at a slower pace. Try to delegate more, reassess your priorities, and learn to pace yourself. If the rate of work is uncontrollable, think about changing the job. ExerciseEveryone should exercise regularly to ones limits. This may sound contradictory that, on the one hand, you are told to limit your exertion and, on the other, you are told to exercise. It is actually better if one exercise regularly within his or her limits. Exercises can be grouped into two categories: isotonic and isometric. People suffering from angina should limit themselves to only isotonic exercises. This means one group of muscle is relaxed while another group is contracted. Examples of this type of exercise include walking, swimming leisurely, and yoga; some harder exercises are cycling and jogging. Weight LossThe more weight there is on the body, the more work the heart has to do. Reducing unnecessary weight will reduce the amount of strain on the heart, and likely lower blood pressure as well. One can lose weight by simply eating less than their normal intake, but keep in mind that the major goal is to cut down on fatty and sugar foods, which are low in nutrients and high in calories. DietWhat you eat can have a direct effect on the kind of condition you are in. To stay fit and healthy, eat fewer animal fats, and foods that are high in cholesterol. They include fatty meat, lard, sweets, butter, cream and hard cheese, eggs, prawns, offal and so on. Also, the amount of salt intake should be reduced. Eat more food containing a high amount of fiber, such as wholegrain cereal products, pulses, whole-meal bread, as well as fresh fruits and vegetables. Alcohol, tea and coffeeAlcohol in moderation does no harm to the body, but it does contain calories and may slow the weight loss progress. People can drink as much mineral water, fruit juice and ordinary or herb tea as they wish, but no more than two cups of coffee per day. CigarettesIt has been medically proven that cigarettes do the body no good at all. It makes the heart beat faster, constricts the blood vessels, and generally increases the amount of work the heart has to do. The only right thing to do is to quit smoking, it will not be easy, but it is worth the effort. StressStress can actually be classified as a major risk factor, and it is one neglected by most people. Try to avoid those heated arguments and emotional situations that increase blood pressure, as well as stimulate the release of stress hormones. If they are unavoidable, try to anticipate them and prevent the attack by sucking an angina tablet beforehand. RelaxationHelp your body to relax when feeling tense by sitting or lying down quietly. Close your eyes, breathe slowly and deeply through the nose, make each exhalation long, soft and steady. An adequate amount of sleep each night is always important. CONCLUSIONAngina pectoris is not a disease which affect a persons heart permanently, but to encounter angina pain means something is wrong. The pain is the hearts distress signal, a built-in warning device indicating that the heart has reached its maximum workload. Upon experiencing angina, precautions should be taken. This mean you should go see a doctor now!!! Dont hesitate. A persons lifestyle also plays a major role in determining the chance of developing heart diseases. If people do not learn how to prevent it themselves, coronary artery disease will remain as the single biggest killer in the world, by far. BibliographyBIBLIOGRAPHYAmsterdam, Ezra A. and Ann M. Holms. TAKE CARE OF YOUR HEART new York, Facts on File, 1984Houston, B. Kent and C.R. Snyder. TYPE A BEHAVIOUR PATTERN, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 1988Pantano, James A. LIVING WITH ANGINA, New York, Harper Row, 1990. Patel, Chandra. FIGHTING HEART DISEASE, Toronto, Macmillan, 1988. Shillingford, J.P CORONARY HEART DISEASE: THE FACTS,Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1982. The Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION BASIC RESCUER MANUAL, Canada, 1987Tiger, Steven. HEART DISEASE, New York, Julian Messner, 1986. Medicine Essays